The gas was identified as a compound containing carbon and oxygen by the Scottish chemist William Cumberland Cruikshank in the year 1800. In 1776, the French chemist de Lassone produced CO by heating zinc oxide with coke, but mistakenly concluded that the gaseous product was hydrogen, as it burned with a blue flame. Greek physician Galen (129вЂ“199 AD) speculated that there was a change in the composition of the air that caused harm when inhaled. What was not known was the mechanism of death. An ancient method of execution was to shut the criminal in a bathing room with smouldering coals. 4.2.1 Role in ground-level ozone formationДЄristotle (384вЂ“322 BC) first recorded that burning coals produced toxic fumes.3 Biological and physiological properties.Nonetheless, too much carbon monoxide causes carbon monoxide poisoning. Clinical trials of small amounts of carbon monoxide as a drug are ongoing.

In many tissues, all three gases are known to act as anti-inflammatories, vasodilators, and promoters of neovascular growth. Following the first report that carbon monoxide is a normal neurotransmitter in 1993, as well as one of three gases that naturally modulate inflammatory responses in the body (the other two being nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide), carbon monoxide has received a great deal of clinical attention as a biological regulator.

This process produces a certain amount of carboxyhemoglobin in normal persons, even if they do not breathe any carbon monoxide. In biology, carbon monoxide is naturally produced by the action of heme oxygenase 1 and 2 on the heme from hemoglobin breakdown. Other natural sources of CO include volcanoes, forest fires, and other forms of combustion. Worldwide, the largest source of carbon monoxide is natural in origin, due to photochemical reactions in the troposphere that generate about 5 Г—10 12 kilograms per year. Some processes in modern technology, such as iron smelting, still produce carbon monoxide as a byproduct. Coal gas, which was widely used before the 1960s for domestic lighting, cooking, and heating, had carbon monoxide as a significant fuel constituent. In the presence of oxygen, including atmospheric concentrations, carbon monoxide burns with a blue flame, producing carbon dioxide. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl.Д¬arbon monoxide is produced from the partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds it forms when there is not enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO 2), such as when operating a stove or an internal combustion engine in an enclosed space. It is the simplest oxocarbon and is isoelectronic with the cyanide anion, the nitrosonium cation and molecular nitrogen. In the atmosphere, it is spatially variable and short lived, having a role in the formation of ground-level ozone.Д¬arbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a triple bond that consists of two covalent bonds as well as one dative covalent bond. It is toxic to hemoglobic animals (including humans) when encountered in concentrations above about 35 ppm, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal biological functions. Carbon monoxide ( C O) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.

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